Water Sampling

The analysis of water samples is an important tool in assessing the quality of surface water and its suitability for various uses. Water quality in surface water bodies varies widely depending upon its source, mean water depth, flow rate, and the type and quantity of pollutants added through point and non-point sources. Water quality is also affected by climate factors such as temperature, sunlight and winds.

The water quality of a specific waterbody may or may not be suitable for all uses. The Saskatchewan Surface Water Quality Objectives are used to assess the suitability of water for any particular use based on its physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics. Water quality data can also be used to calculate a 'Water Quality Index', which is used to rate the quality of a specific waterbody in relation to others, and can also indicate possible limitations for a particular use.

The SCCWS collect water samples with the purpose of calculating the Saskatchewan Water Quality Index for each water use described in the Saskatchewan Surface Water Quality Objectives. At each site for each sampling period, the SCCWS collect three types of data. First, hydrometric metering is performed by Gary Janke, a technician with the Saskatchewan Watershed Authority (see right photo). Mr.Janke uses standard hydrometric techniques (pygmy flow meter, wading rod and measuring tape) to measure wetted area of the stream channel and water velocity, two variables used to calculate stream discharge. These measurements are performed on the same day as the water sample data collection.

Second, the SCCWS record several in-stream water characteristics (see photos at the top of the page) including pH, conductivity, temperature, and dissolved oxygen using field equipment provided by the Swift Current PFRA. Third, the SCCWS take and process grab samples of water from each site. These grab samples are sent by courier to the Saskatchewan Research Council (SRC) lab for processing within 24 hours. SRC measures and reports on the water parameters listed below.